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For Dr Joyce Brothers, PhD

Citations, Abstracts, Excerpts and other Supportive Documentation

Enclosed Documents are in BOLD type

Results of the “Listening to Mothers” survey – Report of the First National US Survey of Women’s Childbearing experiences conducted for the Maternity Center Assoc. Harris Interactive - Oct 2002  Guide to Safe and Effective Care During Labor & Pregnancy and Birth, 2000; Maternity Center Association; The Rights of Childbearing Women, 1999, Topical Guides from the Maternity Center Association Letter from obstetrical practice terminating care because the mother was planning a home birth, 1999;

Has Medicalization of childbirth gone too far?, British Medical Journal; 2002;324:892-895 (13 April); Promoting Evidence-based practice in maternal care – would keep the knife away; BMJ Vol 324 20 April 2002; Childbirth, Pregnancy tied to PTSD, Experts say, Ob.Gyn.News; Mar 15 2003 Vol 38, No 6

==================== Physiological Management of Normal Birth= ==================

Physiology in Childbearing - textbook – excerpt on physiological management of second stage (1999)

Upright Positions Offer Most Room for Delivery Ob.Gyn.News Feb 1, 2002, Vol 37, No 3;

Delayed [i.e., Physiological] Pushing Doesn’t Increase Fetal Trauma   Ibid above;

Women’s Position During Second Stage of Labour, Selected Cochrane Systemic Reviews, Journal Birth 28:1 March 2001; Reconsideration of “Purple Pushing” Urged, ObGynNews; Mar 15 2003 Vol 38, No 6  

========================= Statistical Resources  ==================================

Births: Preliminary Data for 2001; NVSR Vol. 50, No. 10. National Center for Health Statistics Vol. 47, No 27, The Use of Obstetric Interventions 1989-97 Safe Motherhood 2002 – CDC; Violence Against women in Healthy-care institutions: an emerging problem The Lancet, 5/11/02

========================= Ultrasound / Pitocin Induction / Cytotec Use =================

Practice the “Art” of Estimating Fetal Weight, Ob.Gyn.News; Sept 15 2003 Vol 38, No 18

Ultrasound Comparable to Educated Guess in Predicting Birth Weight; Ob.Gyn.News Oct 1, 02,

Induction Rate Doubled in the US from 1990 to 1998; Ob.Gyn.News May 1, 2002, Vol 37, No 9; Estimated Fetal Weight Not a Guide for Cesareans; Ob.Gyn.News; Dec 15 2001 Vol 68, No 24

Induction Linked to Doubling of CesareanRate in  Nulliparas (1st time mothers), Ob.Gyn.News; Jan 1 2003 Vol 38, No 1; Multiparas: C-Section, Cervical Ripening  Link Seen – Women had previously delivered vaginally, Ob.Gyn.News; Jun 15 2003 Vol 38, No 12; Labor Induction for Macrosomia (big baby) not Justified – Expectant management was associated with a significantly lower Cesarean section rate, Ob.Gyn.News; Mar 1 2002 Vol 37, No 5; Package insert for drug Pitocin (Oxytocin , USP, Synthetic manufactured by Parke-Davis, 1996; Understanding Autism Newsweek July 31, 2000, association Autism and Pitocin induction; Un-Informed Consent – by Loren Stein, Cytotec use / mother-baby death, Oakland Tribune article

=========================== Episiotomies /Forceps / Incontinence =================

Episiotomies Still Favored by Private Physicians; Ob.Gyn.News July 1, 2002 Vol 37, No 13

Episiotomy Scars Have Increased Failure Rate; Ob.Gyn.News  July 1, 2002, Vol 37, No 13

Risk of Bad Perineal Tear Higher with Midline Episiotomy, Ob.Gyn.News Nov 15, 2001 Vol 36, No 22

Forceps Double Risk of Incontinence; Ob.Gyn.News Sept 15, 2001, Vol 36, No 18

Forceps Associated with Severe Perineal Tears – Risk increased 12-fold, Ob.Gyn.News Sept 15, 2003 Vol 38, No 18;

========================= The EFM – Cesarean Connection ========================

A Scar is Born – every 39 seconds – Cesarean rate in 1995 / medical journal advertisement for a silicone sheeting product to reduce scarring in Cesarean incision; Ob.Gyn.News, April 15, 1998

Why the C-section rate is rising – Editorial, Medical Economics, Obstetrics-Gynecology, Oct 2000;   Summary “Neonatal Encephalopathy & Cerebral Palsy” by the ACOG Task / Dr Peter Bernstein MD, MPH Jun 2003; Documentation Important in CP Deliveries, Ob.Gyn.News July 1, 2002 Vol 37, No 13; C-Section to Prevent Cerebral Palsy: Results May Be a Wash; Ob.Gyn.News; Apr15,2002, Vol 38, No 8; Auscultation vs. Fetal Heart Monitoring Ob.Gyn.News Nov 15 2001 Vol 36, No 22

FDA Reviews Continue on New Fetal Monitor Ob.Gyn.News Oct 1, 2002, Vol 37, No 19

Who speaks for Science in Court - Attorney Peter Huber, George C. Marshall Institute, Excerpt

==================  Cesarean Surgery ~ Frequency, Risks & Complications ================  

C-Section Linked to Stillbirth in Next Pregnancy, Ob.Gyn.News May 15, 2003, Vol 38, No 10

Cesarean Birth Associated with Adult Asthma, Ob.Gyn.News Jun 15, 2001, Vol 36, No 12

Asthma Associated with Planned Cesarean – Large retrospective study Ob.Gyn.News May 15, 2003, Vol 36, No 10; Elective Cesarean Section: An Acceptable Alternative to Vagianl Delivery? Dr Peter Bernstein, MD, MPH; Elective C-section Revisited by Dr. Elaine Waetjen; Ob.Gyn.News; August 1, 2002, Vol 36, No 15; Double-Layer Cesarean Closures May be Safer – Uterine rupture more likely with one-layer closure; Ob.Gyn.News, Mar 15, 2002, Vol 37, No 6; Experts Say Guideline Out of Step with Trend Toward Elective C-Section, Ob.Gyn.News Dec 1, 2002, Vol 37, No 23; Route of delivery as a risk factor for emergent peripartum hysterectomy, Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul; 102(1):141-5

The Maternal Choice Cesarean – Excerpts from transcript of “Good Morning America” interview by Diane Sawyer of former ACOG president, Dr Ben Harer, MD; June 2000;

Cesarean Rate Portends Rise in Placenta Accreta, Maternal mortality 7% Ob.Gyn.News Mar 1 01, Vol 36;  Placenta Previa, C-section History Ups Accreta Risk; Ob.Gyn.News Sept 15, 2001, Vol 36, No 18; Last 50 Years Show 10-fold Rise in Plactenta Accreta – Behind 50% of emergency hysterectomices, Ob.Gyn.News Dec 5, 2002, Vol 37, No 24; Case Reports Suggest Placental Invasion is on the Increase –Hike in C-Section may be responsible, Ob.Gyn.News Jan 15, 2003, Vol 38, No 2;

Experts Say Cesarean Section Rates are Headed ‘Sky-High”; Ob.Gyn.News, April 1, 2002, Vol 37

========================= Citation safety of Home-based Midwifery ===================

Outcomes of Planned Home Birth in Washington State: 1989-1996 – Letters to Editor responses as published in ACOG Green Journal (Obstetrics and Gynecology) Jan 2003

Safety of Alternative Approaches to Childbirth – PhD – Stanford University, Dr. Peter Schlenzka, 1999; Midwifery care, social and medical risk factors and birth outcomes in the USA – abstract; Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Vol 52, 1998